Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance as Percent of Mean for Yield and Oil Traits in Maintainer and Restorer Lines of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
N. Karthik *
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India.
M. S. Uma
AICRP on Sunflower University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India.
S. D. Nehru
AICRP on Sunflower University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India.
S. Ramesh
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India.
K. M Srinivasa Reddy
AICRP on Sunflower University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India.
H. Satish
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India.
Bidwan Rath
Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India.
Sunilkumar Suresh Ganiger
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India.
V. Prashantha
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India.
Srivijay S. Malipatil
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga- 577 204, Karnataka, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: The current study was conducted to evaluate maintainer and restorer lines for genetic parameters for eleven traits, namely days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, stem girth, head diameter, volume weight, hundred seed weight, seed yield per plant, oil content, hull content and oil yield per plant.
Study Design: Augmented RCBD was used with 12 blocks.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted during late Rabi-2022 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Sunflower, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore.
Methodology: A total of of 121 maintainer lines and 17 restorer lines along with 5 checks (CMS-17B, CMS-234B, ARM 243B, RHA-6D-1 and RHA-1-1) were evaluated.
Results: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among maintainer and restorer lines for all traits studied. Considerable variability was recorded for seed yield per plant and oil yield per plant followed by plant height. Moderate variation was noted for all other traits except for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and oil content. The narrow difference between GCV and PCV for all characters suggested minimal environmental influence on trait expression. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was observed for plant height (93.07 and 38.78 %), stem girth (91.24 and 30.40 %), head diameter (94.59 and 35.87 %), volume weight (85.20 and 22.23 %), hundred seed weight (93.77 and 37.98 %), seed yield per plant (90.85 and 48.15 %), hull content (79.16 and 28.13 %) and oil yield per plant (92.62 and 35.12 %) indicating the predominance of additive gene action and the effectiveness of simple phenotypic selection for these traits. Conversely, high heritability combined with low genetic advance for days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity and oil content suggested the role of non-additive gene action, implying limited potential for improvement through individual plant selection.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings indicate that the experimental material possesses substantial genetic variability, which can be effectively utilized in future crop improvement programs.
Keywords: Sunflower, inbred, maintainer, restorer, variability, seed yield, oil yield