Bio-fortification in Crops, Recent Approaches, Challenges and Future Strategies: A Review
Sayooj M
*
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab –144411, India.
Jigyasha Thakur
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab –144411, India.
Durga Prasad
School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab –144411, India.
Adya Ponniyath
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab –144411, India.
Adithya J B
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab –144411, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iodine (I), carotenoids and folic acid affects individuals worldwide, posing significant challenges to human health and development. Malnutrition and hidden hunger continue to be global challenges, particularly in developing countries. Biofortification through plant breeding and genetic engineering has emerged as a cost-effective and sustainable solution to address these deficiencies. This strategy is particularly beneficial for the health of people with limited access to commercially fortified foods. With a one-time investment and the ability for farmers to propagate seeds at minimal cost, biofortification offers a promising avenue for long-term nutritional improvement. Recent advancements by integrating conventional breeding, genetic engineering and agronomic approaches have made the introduction of biofortified crop varieties by targeting various macro and micronutrients, antioxidants and other bioavailable components possible. Despite its potential, biofortified crops encounter obstacles related to development, distribution, and consumer acceptance. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for optimizing the utilization of biofortified foods and achieving widespread impact in combating malnutrition and starvation worldwide.
Keywords: Biofortification, genetic engineering, hidden hunger, micronutrient, plant breeding