ADVANTAGES OF NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES FOR HERBAL DRUGS; AND MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF Crotalaria burhia PLANT: A REVIEW
RAESSA NOOR
Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
GHAZALA SHAHEEN *
Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
HALIMA NAZAR
Department of Eastern Medicine, Innah University for Women Karachi, Pakistan
TAHIRA SHAMIM
Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
LAILA SUMREEN
Department of Homeopathic Medical Sciences, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
HINA NAWAZ
Department of Homeopathic Medical Sciences, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
UMME HABIBA
Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
FARHAN SAJID
Department of Library & Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
SAIRA GHAFFAR
Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
SHAFQAT RASOOL
Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
FARAH ZAFAR
Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
SHAFIQ UR RAHMAN
Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Herbal or natural medicines have been used since ancient time due to easy availability and less side effects. Still 80% population of developing countries uses herbal medicines to treat common diseases. The Crotalaria burhia plant is shrub having several chemical constituents like flavonoids, hormones, alkaloids phenolic compounds and terpenes etc. It traditionally used for fever, inflammation, chronic kidney pain, cancer, general bacterial infections, fungal infections, gout, cough, arthritis, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and typhoid etc. It has also been used in cattle for the removal of placenta after delivery. Due to traditional dosage formulation a few amount of drug reach to its target tissue. In recent past, Phyto-pharmaceutical work leads to new medicine delivery methods for example nanoparticles, microparticles, nano-suspension and liposome’s etc. For herbal medicine, this unique medication delivery mechanism enhances stability, solubility, absorption, bioavailability and therapeutic effect. The carrier in nano dosage forms increases the drug concentration at targeted tissue due to which systemic side effects can be reduced. Silver nanoparticles have been emerged as a potent component of novel drug delivery system because silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have its own antimicrobial and anticancer activities but they are non-toxic to human body. Ag NPs synthesized by natural plant extracts have shown enhanced anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The silver nanoparticles exert its antimicrobial and anticancer activity by disrupting cell wall permeability and cellular respiration. Recently use of Ag NPs has been increased to overcome the antibiotics resistance. Silver nanoparticles have ability to sterilize the hospital items. This new method of drug delivery is a protective way for administration of herbal drugs to target tissues.
Keywords: Crotalaria burhia, natural medicines, nanoparticles, microparticles, nano-suspension