RESPONSE OF THE WHEAT VARIETIES TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS, SEEDING RATES AND THEIR COMBINATION: 4- YIELD AND QUALITY
EL-SAYED M. S. GHEITH *
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
SAYED A. SAFINA
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
OLA Z. EL-BADRY
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
MUSA A. A. SABOON
Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Bahri, Khartom North Sudan, Sudan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), plant density and varieties are three influential factors that affect wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on yield and quality, but little is known regarding the effects of interactions between these three factors on the amount of nitrogen uptake and protein content in grains, at the same time trying to minimize production costs. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of three nitrogen fertilizer levels (60, 80 and 100 kg /fed) and three seeding rates (40, 60 and 80 kg/fed) one feddan=4200m2 on grain yield and quality of three wheat varieties (Giza-171, Gemmiza-12 and Shandawil-1) in Egypt during 2018/2019 and 2019 / 2020 seasons. The experimental design was a split- split plot in randomized complete block arrangement with three replications. Nitrogen levels, seeding rates and varieties were allocated to the main, sub plots and sub-sub plots, respectively. Results showed that significant differences among nitrogen fertilizer levels on grain yield, harvest index in both seasons, grains protein content and protein yield in first season, but this effect was not true on nitrogen uptake. The maximum grain yield, protein content and protein yield were achieved in plots tested with 100 kg N/fed, but the highest value of harvest index was at 80 kg N/fed. The effect of seeding rates on grain yield in the first season, harvest index in both seasons, nitrogen uptake, grains protein content and protein yield were significant where the highest values were recorded at 80, 60, 80, 80 and 60 kg grains/fed, respectively.. The highest values for each of grain yield and harvest index were recorded with sowing Giza-171, but Shandwil-1 surpassed the other two varieties among nitrogen uptake, grains protein content and protein yield. It is evident from the present results that the best treatment for each of grain yield and harvest index was under Giza-171 + 80 kg grains/fed +100 kg N/fed. but this treatment was under Shandawil-1 + 80 kg grains/fed + 80 kg N/fed for nitrogen uptake and protein yield.
Keywords: Wheat, varieties, yield, quality, N levels, seeding rates