RESPONSE OF WHEAT PLANT TO DROUGHT STRESS: A REVIEW
KASHIF RASHID
Vegetable Research Station, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
MUHAMMAD ARFAN
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
SULTAN MAHMOOD
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
TARIQ JAVAID
Potato Research Institute, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
MUHAMMAD MAJID
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
SAJID ALI
Vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
SHAKEEL AHMAD ANWAR
Pulses Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
MUHAMMAD FARHAN KHAN
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Wheat is grown worldwide and staple food of large population both in developing as well as in developed countries. Increasing population demands its increased production every year but changing climate conditions, global warming and water shortage stagnant its production and made serious threats to food security. Drought is a very common environmental stresses that restricted the growth of the plant and to stand against the drought condition plant has different morphological, physiological, biochemical, anatomical and molecular developments. It includes closing of stomata, decrease in the activity of photosynthesis, root signal detection and loss of turgor pressure, osmotic adjustment, decrease in water potential, decreasing rate of CO2 conductance and internal concentration, increase in root shoot ratio, production of antioxidant species and DREBS transcription factor. Wheat genotypes with higher osmoregulators and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) perform better in water shortage condition. By understanding these mechanisms researchers are trying to develop new wheat genotypes those having less amount of water use. Different management practices are also useful to combat the drought stress like sowing early maturing varieties, irrigation management, weeds managements.
Keywords: Wheat, drought stress, physiological changes, morphological changes, biochemical changes