PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The presence of weeds in a wheat field can be harmful in many ways. Competition for water,  minerals  and  light directly affects crop growth and subsequent performance. The more  massive  infestations hinder plowing and harvesting tools. The mixture of weed seeds with cereal grains depreciate the commercial quality of the harvested product, while the use of a pre-harvest weed control is excellent  governance  strategy  not  only to control perennial weeds, but also to facilitate harvest management and to prepare the ground for the cultivation of the following year. In our study we tried to see if there's an effect it Pre harvest treatments namely paraquat, diquat and glyphosate used in a durum wheat crop germination and viability of harvested grain. The results we found shows that paraquat and diquat does not affect the germination and viabilities of the grains as they are contact herbicides which acts as a defoliant and not penetrate within the plant, by against the three the product used glyphosate is a systemic herbicide that penetrates within the plant, but the timing of their application in our durum wheat maturity stage studies has blocked this active ingredient to penetrate into the plant and get grain, because of the seed coat becoming harder, then the residues of this chemical is not absorbed by the seeds. Therefore these seeds retained their germination capacity and sustainability which appears normal in our results, we found that glyphosate does not affect the germination and viability of hard wheat grains.