PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FRUIT PEEL AND SEED OF CITRUS CULTIVARS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL AGAINST PATHOGENIC GRAM-POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL STRAINS
HUMAIRA SHAHEEN
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
ADEEL IJAZ SHAH
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
ANEELA NIJABAT *
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
ANUM SAJID
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus-40100, Pakistan
RAMEEZ HUSSAIN
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
NADEEM MUNAWAR
Department of Agronomy, University college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
JAVERIA NEHAL
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
TAHIRA ALI
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
SHANZA AKRAM
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
AYESHA RASOOL
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
SAMI ULLAH
Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
MUHAMMAD BILAL HAFEEZ
Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
FARWA BATOOL
Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
BILAL AHMAD KHAN
Department of Agronomy, University college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
AMEER KHAN
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
IZHAR NAZEER
Department of Botany, Punjab University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
BASHARAT SALEEM
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
MUHAMMAD ATHER NADEEM
Department of Agronomy, University college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
In the era of emerging antibiotic resistant microbes, it is necessary to search new antimicrobial resources which can be proved beneficial against pathogens. Citrus fruit having a great economic importance with chemical composition useful to treat pathogenic microbes. These antimicrobial compounds are abundantly present not only in the pulp but also in peel and seeds which is produced in tons but thrown away as waste. Therefore this study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of peel and seed of different cultivars of citrus along with the antibacterial activity of citrus peel extracts in three different solvents. Peel and seed extracts of eight different cultivars of citrus were evaluated. Antibacterial activity of citrus peel extract against five bacterial strains were assessed. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and steroids in all the extracts. Antimicrobial studies revealed differential antimicrobial activities against two strains of gram-positive and three strains of gram-negative bacteria. Zones of inhibition ranging from 6 to 25 mm were observed. The results of this study reveals that citrus waste can have a great antibacterial activity which can be used against troublesome microbes.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, antibacterial properties, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins