PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The most pressing problem facing the modern scientific community is the creation of optimized agroecosystems based on beneficial relationships between plants and bacteria of microbiological fertilizers. To solve it, it is necessary to select compatible partners (crops, varieties, strains of rhizobacteria), which form stable associations well adapted to local soil and climatic conditions. The constant expansion of the available assortment of biofertilizers and varieties of crops creates the need for additional research in this area. The purpose of our work was to study the peculiarities of the formation of the yield of spring barley grain, potato tubers, green mass of perennial grasses, seeds, and fiber of fiber flax under the influence of foliar feeding with microbiological fertilizers Azotovit (B-9029 strain of the Azotobakter chroococcum bacteria) and Phosphatovit (B-8966 strain of Bacillus mucilaginosus Bac 10). Comprehensive studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Tverskaya State Agricultural Academy (GSKhA) located at 170904, Russian Federation, Tver, Marshala Vasilevskogo Str., 7. The soil of the experimental plots is soddy-medium-podzolic, sandy loam in granulometric composition. Foliar feeding was carried out in the phase of tillering of barley, at the beginning of the budding phase of potatoes, in the phase of spring regrowth of perennial grasses, and in the phase of stem extension of fiber flax with a rate of consumption of working fluid of 100 l/ha. The assessment of the main elements of the structure of the yield and yield was carried out in experiments using well-tested methods in crop production.

It was found that foliar feeding with a mixture of fertilizers with a consumption rate of 0.2 l/ha for each component of the mixture was the most appropriate option for the cultivation of barley, potatoes, and perennial grasses, ensuring the formation of yield at the following level: 2.97 t/ha for grain, 29.4 t/ha for tubers, and 34.5 t/ha for green mass with the best indicators of product quality.

When growing fiber flax, it was established that it was necessary to increase the consumption rates of microbiological fertilizers for foliar feeding to 0.3 l/ha of each component, which resulted in 1.09 t/ha of fiber and 0.59 t/ha of seeds. The use of microbiological fertilizers separately was also effective. However, the level of values of the formed yield increases was significantly lower than those obtained with their complex application. At the next stages of this research, the authors plan to study the feasibility of introducing rhizobacteria in the system of simultaneous soil and plant seed processing during sowing, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the foliar application of biofertilizers together with microelement and humic preparations.