Meloidogyne incognita INFECTING BRINJAL IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN: ITS DISTRIBUTION, REPRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT THROUGH RESISTANCE
TAUHEED ALI
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop Protection Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
ISHRAT NAZ
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Crop Protection Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
MUSTANSAR MUBEEN
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
QAISER SHAKEEL
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
BEENISH GUL
Department of Plant Pathology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
HAFIZ MUHAMMAD USMAN
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
RIDA FATIMA
Department of Plant Pathology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
MUHAMMAD NAUMAN ATIQ
Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
MUHAMMAD ATEEQ
Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
AQLEEM ABBAS
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
SONUM BASHIR *
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
MUHAMMAD AAMIR SOHAIL
National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) was investigated for incidence and severity of Meloidogyne incognita infecting Solanum melongena (eggplant/Brinjal). Further, the eggplant varietal resistance to root-knot nematode (RKN) was studied. The extensive survey revealed that the most prevalent species of KPK was M. incognita followed by M. javanica, with disease incidence ranging from 24-72%. The Peshawar fields proved to be the hotspot for RKN reproduction and development with 72% disease incidence. In a screening trial, the reaction of 16 brinjal genotypes to RKN was evaluated in pot conditions by applying standard inoculum @ 5000 eggs of nematodes per seedling. Statistically, a significant difference was noted among the studied eggplant varieties for RKN reproduction i.e., eggmass index, galling index, and juvenile populations. The results revealed that the reaction of two varieties (10 #1 (14) and 10/A-1 (14) was resistant, while the response of the remaining 14 varieties was ranged from moderately resistant to highly susceptible. In-vitro study on three different brinjal root diffusates (D1, D2 and D3) obtained from a resistant brinjal line (10/A-1 (14) at three different time intervals viz., 6, 12 and 24 hrs were evaluated against percent eggs hatching and J2s mortality of M. incognita at three different incubation periods viz., 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Egg inhibition (96.5%) and J2s mortality (90.5%) were maximum for diffusate D3 at 72 hrs of exposure. The inhibition of eggs and mortality of juveniles increased with an increase in the exposure time. The current study suggests that eggplant resistant germplasms can suppress RKN and could be used in the breeding program for developing nematode's resistant cultivars.
Keywords: Brinjal, Meloidogyne incognita, distribution, resistance, RKN