PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Bio-manures are the organic supplements prepared from the products that are obtained from desi cow and being used since ancient periods. In Southern Asia, organic farming was well developed from ancient ‘Vedic’ period. In Sanskrit, Panchgavya depicts the blend of five different products, obtained from cow. Whereas, Jeevamruth is also prepared from cow’s dung and urine, but other ingredients are differ from Panchgavya. Both organic supplements act as liquid manures that have been intensively used in organic farming. Both Panchgavya and Jeevamruth contain beneficial microorganisms, growth hormones, essential macro and micronutrients, crucial for the physiological growth and development of plants. Panchgavya and Jeevamruth are rich in quality properties, which are excellent source of organic carbon, biomass, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and lot of other micronutrients that are essential for the metabolic activity of plants. In spite of this, either supplement are intensively used in organic agriculture to enhance the soil fertility, soil productivity, organic carbon and microbial activity in soil that assists to improve the soil health. These bio-stimulants are also used for treatment of seeds to protect from various seed borne diseases and insect pests, which improves the better germination of seeds and seedlings vigor. Thus, the application of either organic input have potential for the sustainable crop production system, that assist to boost in food production and provides nutritional security for human as well as save the soil health and environment. However, combine application of both liquid manures will give enhance results for both crops and soil.