PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Spring rapeseed is currently the leading oilseed crop in the Udmurt Republic (Russia). In the last century, it was cultivated in the republic as green manure, a fodder crop. The purpose of the work is a comparative analysis of data on the possibilities, state, and prospects of cultivation of spring rapeseed in the Udmurt Republic. Calculations of the level of predicted seed yields, based on the principles of programming, showed that the conditions of the region corresponded to the biological requirements of the crop. The appearance of photosynthetically active radiation makes it possible to form a seed yield of 3.92 t/ha. Climatically secured seed yield, according to calculations, amounts to 91% of the potential yield by photosynthetically active radiation, equaling 3.57 t/ha. The moisture supply of the growing season contributes to obtaining the seed yield at the level of 2.0 t/ha, and thermal resources (according to the hydrothermal index) allow obtaining a yield of 3.77 t/ha. According to the analysis of statistical data, for 1999–2019, in 22 out of 25 administrative districts of the republic, spring rapeseed was cultivated with a change in the sown area from 2 to 1,918 ha, and yield changed from 0.05 to 1.52 t/ha. Among the currently cultivated oilseeds in the Udmurt Republic (spring and winter rapeseed, mustard, crown flax, sunflower), spring rapeseed occupies larger sown areas. The persisting relatively high cost of rapeseed on the market (20,000 rubles per ton and more) shows that the crop is promising.