Journal of Basic and Applied Research International

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) evaluates environmental impacts of proposed projects and policies to identify, predict, and mitigate their potential negative effects. In Uganda, home to exceptional biodiversity with over 18,783 recorded species of flora and fauna, ranks among the top ten (10) biodiverse countries globally. Despite robust legal framework, legislative conflicts may undermine protection of species outside protected areas. This study assessed the role of EIA in conservation of wild fauna outside the protected zones in Orom East Sub-County, Karega District, Uganda. The project area was delineated, habitats with potential impacts were mapped, relevant literature was reviewed, and direct observations, track-and-sign surveys, and acoustic monitoring were conducted. The surveys identified sixty-one (61) distinct species across the following six taxonomic classes: insecta (Formica spp, Acrididae, Stomoxys spp, Simuliidae, Papilio spp), Aves (Apalis k, Ploceus s, Colius s, Lamprotornis a, Columba l), Reptilia (Stigmochelys p, Python s, Bitis a, Bitis g, Naja h), Amphibia (Sclerophrys g, Amietia a, Phrynobatrachus spp), Mammalia (Lepus spp, Phacochoerus a, Loxodonta a, and Papio a). The Shannon Diversity Index was 2.05, indicating a well-balanced and fairly diverse ecological community. Potential impacts of the project development (habitat loss and fragmentation, pollution, invasive species introduction, barriers to mobility, alteration of water flow, mortality, disturbance, and stress) were assessed as minor. Nonetheless, to mitigate cumulative long-term effects of ecosystem disruptions, population declines, the study recommends habitat restoration, creation of wildlife corridors, pollution control and waste management, invasive species management, enhanced monitoring and adaptive management, community engagement and education, collaboration with conservation authorities, and regular audits and reporting of mitigation effectiveness.