A Study of Tax Revenues and Non-Tax Revenues from the Budget of Haryana, India
Ritesh Kalra *
Government College Kheri Gujran, Faridabad, India.
Ganesh Das
Government College for Women, Madlauda, Panipat, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Public Budget is the key indicator of any economy. It shows the soundness of an economy. The Governments which do not focuses on budgets often fails to establish financial soundness. The present study also attempts to analyse the two key elements i.e. Tax Revenue and Non-Tax Revenue from the Budget of Haryana. The study relates to the period 2013-2014 to 2022-2023. The statistical tools which are used to analyse the data are trend analysis, mean, variance, and ANOVA. These tools have been used with the help of MS Excel and SPSS. The results shows that there is no significant difference between budgets, revised budgets and actuals of tax revenues. Similarly, there is no significant difference between budgets, revised budgets and actuals of non-tax revenues. Further budgets, revised budgets and actuals for both i.e. for tax revenue as well as for non-tax revenue are increasing in the period of study. The paper is useful for the fiscal policy makers as it talks about the relevance and importance of budgets and revised budget in comparison to the actuals. It will provide the guidance to the developing as well as developed nations to improve their budgetary process.
Keywords: Tax revenue, non-tax revenue, budget, revised budget, actuals