DISTRIBUTION OF PRESSURE IN FIVE GENERAL COSMIC MODELS

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Published: 2022-09-02

DOI: 10.56557/japsi/2022/v14i17838

Page: 22-37


FADEL A. BUKHARI *

Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

The distributions of radiation pressure and the total pressure of the universe were investigated in the general cosmic models in three time intervals. In the cosmic epoch t \(\le\) trm , logarithm of both radiation pressure and the total pressure descend gradually linearly with log (t). However, in the epoch t = tdec - tv , log(Pr(t)) decreases steeply up to t=6.2104 Myr, then it declines gradually until t=205.9406 Myr, hence it reduces slowly, whereas log(P(t)) decreases fast up to t=5.9406 Myr, afterwards it descends gradually until t = 112.8713 Myr, where it starts declining slowly. Nevertheless, in the time range t=tv - 50 Gyr , log(P(t)) reduces fast up to t=1.4458 Gyr, then it descends in relatively less rate, while P(t) falls sharply until t=0.7229 Gyr, hence it declines rapidly up to tapp = 1.9277 Gyr, where P(t) approaches the dark energy pressure P\(\Lambda\) . As P(t) decreases with cosmic time the horizon expansion speed of the universe dh (t) descends continuously, while the negative values of the horizon expansion acceleration of the universe dh (t) increase. On the other hand, the horizon volume speed of the universe expansion Vh (t) ascends with decreasing P(t) , whereas the horizon volume acceleration of the universe expansion Vh (t) descends. Slightly after t = tapp ,  Vh (t) increases to its maximum value at t=tmax, then it starts falling steeply with dh (t) towards zero. However, at  t=tmax dh (t) surges prominently towards zero, whereas Vh (t) fluctuates about this value. The drastic changes in dh (t) , dh (t) , Vh (t) and Vh (t) following the outstanding decrease in P(t) at t=tapp exhibits strong dependence of the cosmic dynamics on the total pressure of the universe.

Keywords: Cosmic models, cosmic dynamics, astronomy, radiation pressure, Hubble’s law


How to Cite

BUKHARI, FADEL A. 2022. “DISTRIBUTION OF PRESSURE IN FIVE GENERAL COSMIC MODELS”. Journal of Applied Physical Science International 14 (1):22-37. https://doi.org/10.56557/japsi/2022/v14i17838.

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