Journal of Disease and Global Health

CORRELATION OF CAPN10 POLYMORPHISM (rs3792267) WITH HYPERTENSION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS FROM IRAQ

2020-03-05T08:01:10+00:00

Background: Calpain-10 is calcium-activated cysteine intracellular proteases, encoded by CAPN10. Recently, the CAPN10 Polymorphism (rs3792267) have been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of our study was to examine the association of this polymorphism (rs3792267) with coexisting hypertension in Iraqi individuals, affected by T2DM.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted, examining the association of the SNP, rs3792267 with T2DM, with and without hypertension. Of the total two hundred cases, 100 T2DM subjects with hypertension, and 100 T2DM individuals without hypertension, used as the patients and controls, respectively. They were selected randomly based on the WHO criteria. DNA was extracted from the blood, and genotyped by PCR-RFLP, using the restriction enzyme NdeI. Then, the PCR product was resolved on agarose gel electrophoresis.

Results: Analysis of the genotype and allele frequencies of CAPN10 polymorphism (rs3792267) revealed that the heterozygous genotype (AG) was significantly different (p=0.0001), while homozygous genotype (AA) shows no significant difference between the patient and control groups. The frequency of the A allele of the rs3792267 polymorphism was significantly different between the two groups (p=0.0001), 36.5% without hypertension and 15.5% with hypertension, (OR=0.1662, CI% 0.0901-0.3064), indicating that the A allele is associated with T2DM. On the other hand, no significant statistical difference was observed in the mean values of cholesterol and triglycerides of T2DM, with and without hypertension.

Conclusion: Although the polymorphism (rs3792267) in the CAPN10 appears to have a hereditary relationship with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic patients, but it was not linked with the increased risk of hypertension in T2DM.

ANTIBIOGRAM OF MICROBES ASSOCIATED WITH ENTERIC INFECTION TARGETING INCIDENCES OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE

2020-03-05T11:53:23+00:00

Background and Objective: The Enterobacteriaceae family includes several genera that are biochemically and genetically related to each other and that cause primary gastrointestinal tract infections. Members of this family are Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas spp., etc. major causes of opportunistic infection (including Diarrhea, Dysentery, Shigellosis, and Salmonellosis). The multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are a major public health problem, on a global level relate to significant mortality and morbidity. Enterobacteriaceae reduced resistant to penicillin’s, broad-spectrum ESBLs production cephalosporin and monobactams are known as the main cause of both community and nosocomial-acquired infections.

Methods: The samples were collected as raw unprocessed and processed food. Preliminary all the samples were subjected to microbiological analysis for the isolation and identification of microbial species in the test samples. It is followed by the assessment of the resistance index of different antibiotics.

Results: 12 food samples were collected and analyzed microbiologically. A total of 32 bacterial isolates were recovered from different samples. The present data revealed the occurrence of 65.2% Gram-Positive bacteria and 34.7% Gram-Negative bacteria among the screened microbial isolates. The potential Enterobacteriaceae were found to be 99.9% among gram-negative isolates as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacterial isolates reported maximum resistance to Cefazolin (82.35%) followed by maximum resistance to Ampicillin (47.05%), Lemefloxacin and Cefixime (41.17%), Cefuroxime and Nitrofurantoin (29.41%), Cotrimoxzole and Imipenem (23.5%), Fosfomycin (17.6%), Amoxyclav and Norfloxacin (11.76%), Amikacin, Gentamicin, Cefpotoxime, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, and Meropenem (5.88%).

Conclusion: The present study investigates and assesses incidences of microbes associated with enteric infection from the raw and processed food and to characterize them on the basis of antibiogram, thereby analysis drug resistance among the population of bacteria.

LINKS BETWEEN DIABETIC NEUROPATHY, OBESITY AND GAIT ABNORMALITIES

2020-03-05T11:53:47+00:00

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is microvascular complication associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The incidences of DN have increased with leaps and bounds due to increased prevalence of hyperglycemia. Common pathways underlie obesity, diabetes and gait; such as oxidative stress in mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammations. Obesity, disturb gait pattern, inadequate control of posture, high pressure on lower extremities and decrease in amount of bone mineral density, leads to increased incidences of bone fractures and injuries that show critical links with diabetic neuropathy. Obesity causes alterations in autonomic nervous system with prompt imbalances in sympathetic-parasympathetic activity, while alterations in the sensory-somatic nervous system may cause peripheral polyneuropathy which is a general complication in diabetic obese patients. Gait is a series of movements that shows propulsion of human skeleton, from heel-strike to heel-strike. Gait functions and balance are impaired in many of the neural disorders in which DN is the most common. DN includes a focal and multifocal neuropathy, sensorimotor polyneuropathy etc, which attributes to metabolic and micro-vessel changes caused by hyperglycemia and obesity like complication, resulting in muscle weakness and nerve pain. So many drugs are also available in market such as pregabalin, gabapentin, etc that invade the painful neuropathic pain but failed to treat the abnormal gait. Evidence on the effectiveness of conventional interventions for restoration of balance is limited in case diabetic neuropathy. This review discusses the link between obesity, diabetic neuropathy and gait abnormalities.

Zingiber officinale AND Andrographis paniculata INHIBITS SELECTED PATHOGENIC BACTERIA GROWTH

2020-03-05T11:54:12+00:00

Background: The emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in general practice has necessitated the search for other alternative and newer antibacterial agents that are mainly of natural sources. Previous studies have shown that Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Andrographis paniculata (king bitters) have several beneficial properties against pathogenic bacteria and other microbes and are being used locally.

Aim: The antibacterial properties of Zingiber officinale and Andrographis paniculata extracts against selected clinical bacteria were evaluated in comparison to previous routine antibiotics.

Materials and Methods: Different graded concentrations of solvents were used to extract the active components from the plant parts (0.05 g/ml, 0.1 g/ml and 0.2 g/ml and 0.4 g/ml) and subjected to antibacterial sensitivity test against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Results: The methanol and ethanol extracts of the two plants showed greater antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 0.4 g/ml with varying sensitivities and resistance of other bacteria recorded against the extracts and other antibiotics, while the aqueous extracts of both plants generally had no significant inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria.

Conclusion: The methanol and ethanol extracts of ginger and king of bitters plants may therefore be a promising and safe bioactive antimicrobial alternative against the multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in wounds and skin infections.