SOUTH-MEDITERRANEAN MIGRATION TO THE NORTH: FLOWS AND FACTORS OF MIGRATION
RABAA CHIBET *
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Sousse, Riadh City, LP 307, Sousse 4023, Tunisia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Migration between the Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPC) and the member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries can be studied in terms of push factors and attraction factors. To analyze these factors, a gravity model extended immigration panel is estimated over the period 2000-2010. We find that migration is determined by economic, geographical, demographic, political and socio-cultural factors. On the one hand, migrants from MPC are generally more motivated by wages that are higher in Europe. In addition, the young people of MPC can offset the aging population in Europe. In addition, the level of education, political stability, colonial links and linguistic similarity are important determinants explaining the evolution of MPC migration flows to the OECD countries.
Keywords: Migration, gravity model, MPC, OECD